She stated that “It is interesting that my speech resembled the stressed speech in young children who have had tumors removed from the cerebellum”.\n\nMethods In this article, we intend to review and extensively document both postoperative cerebellar mutism and autistic spectrum disorder.\n\nResults We reviewed the clinical and neurological findings, etio-pathogenesis, neuroanatomy, mechanisms of development, and similarities between the etio-pathogenesis of both diseases.\n\nConclusions Cerebellar lesions can produce

mutism and dysarthria, symptoms sometimes seen in autistic spectrum disorder. In mammals, cerebellar lesions disturb motivated behavior and reduce social interactions, functions that are disturbed in autistic spectrum disorder and cerebellar mutism. The cerebellum and two regions within the frontal lobes are active in certain language tasks. Language is abnormal in autistic Selleck HSP990 spectrum disorder PF-00299804 mouse and cerebellar mutism.”
“To ascertain the clinicopathological process underlying dysglycemia induced by the fluoroquinolone antibacterial gatifloxacin (GFLX), we orally administered 100 or 300 mg/kg/day to male clinically healthy (naive) or spontaneous type II (diabetic) Goto-Kakizaki rats for 15 days (days 1 to 15). Treatment of naive rats with GFLX led to decreased blood

glucose concentrations at 100 mg/kg/day on day 1. In diabetic animals, markedly increased blood glucose concentrations were noted from 100 OICR-9429 mg/kg/day on day 3, and all of the animals given 300 mg/kg/day died or were killed because of moribund conditions by day 9. In a glucose tolerance test, serum insulin concentrations decreased significantly in naive rats receiving 300 mg/kg/day. Microscopically, cytoplasmic vacuolations of the pancreatic islets were observed in naive rats receiving 300 mg/kg/day, and congestion and/or hemorrhage were additionally noted in diabetic rats given 100 mg/kg/day or

more. In toxicokinetics with 100 mg/kg/day, AUC(0-8) (hr). values for GFLX were higher in diabetic rats than in naive rats, and relatively high serum GFLX concentration’s at 8 hr post-dose and extraordinarily high pancreatic GFLX concentrations were also observed in diabetic rats. These results demonstrate that hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia induced by GFLX is associated with higher distribution and retention of GFLX in the pancreas, leading to disturbed insulin secretion.”
“Objectives: To assess the yield of medical record review to recover missing data originally collected by questionnaire, to analyze the agreement between these two data sources and to determine interobserver variability in clinical record review.\n\nMethods: We analyzed data from a birth cohort of 8,127 women who were consecutively recruited after giving birth from 2005-2006. Recruitment was conducted at all public maternity units of Porto, Portugal.

\n\nResults: The sample consisted of 306 patients with schizophrenia. Mean age was 38.93 years (SD 10.98). There were 148 males (48.4%). Mean duration of illness was 12.63 years (SD 8.38). Current medication was oral atypical antipsychotics 103,

clozapine IWR-1-endo 136, oral typicals 29 and depot typicals 38. Prevalence of tobacco use among males was 30.41% (95% CI 22.91 to 37.90) and among females 1.90% (95% CI – 0.25 to 4.05). Prevalence of current smoking among males was 20.27% (95% CI 13.72 to 26.82). None of the females smoked. Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among males was 10.14 (95% CI 5.22 to 15.05) and among females 1.90 (95% CI – 0.03 to 4.05). When patients treated BMS-777607 chemical structure with clozapine were excluded from the analysis, prevalence of tobacco use was 41.6% among males and 3.2% among females and prevalence of smoking was 29.9% among males. Prevalence of tobacco use

was lowest in patients treated with clozapine 18.31 (95% CI 9.09 to 27.53) and highest in those treated with depot antipsychotics 47.83 (95% CI 25.74 to 69.91).\n\nConclusions: Prevalence of smoking was less than in many countries. This is influenced by prevalence in the general population and low affordability. Risk of tobacco use was significantly less among patients treated with clozapine.”
“Theileria orientalis is a causative agent of benign theileriosis in cattle and distributed in mainly Asian countries. In the present study, we examined the prevalence of T. orientalis infection by PCR based on the major piroplasm surface protein gene (MPSP) sequences in cattle in Myanmar, followed by phylogenetic analysis of the MPSP genes. The MPSP gene was amplified in 258 of 713 (36.2%) cattle blood DNA samples collected from five cities in Selleck Adriamycin different geographical regions of Myanmar. Phylogenetic analysis of MPSP sequences from 54 T. orientalis-positive DNA samples revealed

the presence of six allelic genotypes, including Types 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and N-3. Types 5 and 7 were the predominant types detected. Sequences of the MPSP genes detected in Myanmar were closely related to those from Thailand, Vietnam or Mongolia. These findings suggest that movement of animals carrying T. orientalis parasites between Southeast Asian countries could be a reason for the similar genotype distribution of the parasites in Myanmar. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Although historically used for the treatment of anemia, erythropoietin (EPO) has emerged as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective agent in different conditions of neuronal damage (traumatic brain injury, ischemia, spinal cord compression, peripheral neuropathy, retinal damage, epilepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, among others). Nonetheless, EPO’s therapeutic application is limited due to its hematological side-effects.

Methods: Ninety-five participants, recruited from consecutive admissions to a rehabilitation hospital,

were prospectively assessed at least once over the first 4 years post-injury. Measures of QoL, psychiatric disorders, coping style and psychosocial outcome were administered at each assessment. Results: Participants’ mean QoL was in the average range pre-injury and at follow-up. A third demonstrated PC post-injury, which tended to remain stable. PC participants tended to rate their relatives as of greater importance than other participants, but did not rate their health as high. Group membership was not predicted by pre-injury demographic or injury factors, MK-1775 cell line but it was significantly associated with psychosocial and functional outcome. Conclusions: Even after a significant brain injury, some individuals show sustained improved QoL. Factors such as lack of ‘good old days’ bias and increased value placed on family may have important clinical utility.”
“Background: Intellectual developmental disorders (IDD1), characterized by a significant impairment in cognitive function and behavior, affect 2.5% of the population and are associated with considerable morbidity and healthcare costs. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) currently constitute the largest group of genetic defects presenting with IDD, which are amenable to causal therapy. Recently, we created an evidence-based 2-tiered

diagnostic protocol (TIDE protocol); the first tier is a ‘screening step’ applied in all patients, comprising routinely performed, wide available metabolic

tests in blood and urine, while second-tier tests are more specific and based on the patient’s SRT2104 price phenotype. The protocol is supported by KPT-8602 nmr an app (www.treatable-ID.org). Objective: To retrospectively examine the cost- and time-effectiveness of the TIDE protocol in patients identified with a treatable IEM at the British Columbia Children’s Hospital. Methods: We searched the database for all IDD patients diagnosed with a treatable IEM, during the period 2000-2009 in our academic institution. Data regarding the patient’s clinical phenotype, IEM, diagnostic tests and interval were collected. Total costs and time intervals associated with all testing and physician consultations actually performed were calculated and compared to the model of the TIDE protocol. Results: Thirty-one patients (16 males) were diagnosed with treatable IDD during the period 2000-2009. For those identifiable via the 1st tier (n = 20), the average cost savings would have been $311.17 CAD, and for those diagnosed via a second-tier test (n = 11) $340.14 CAD. Significant diagnostic delay (mean 9 months; range 1-29 months) could have been avoided in 9 patients with first-tier diagnoses, had the TIDE protocol been used. For those with second-tier treatable IDD, diagnoses could have been more rapidly achieved with the use of the Treatable IDD app allowing for specific searches based on signs and symptoms.

This article reports some of the more prominent urine-based biomarkers reported in the literature. In addition, some new technologies that have been used to identify novel urinary biomarkers are highlighted.”
“Twelve new polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus coruscus. In 32 individuals from a wild population of coastal Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China, the number of alleles at these loci varied from 3 to 15, with a mean of 5.667. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.6927 and 0.6591, respectively. Among these polymorphic microsatellite loci, three (MC42, MC129, and MC180) significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg

Staurosporine purchase equilibrium after sequential Bonferroni’s correction. All other microsatellite loci were in linkage equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be useful for detecting genetic differences and for planning aquaculture management of M. coruscus.”
“AIM: To define the ultrasonographic structure of normal lower eyelid anatomic compartments and their spacial relationship

in dynamic motion.\n\nMETHODS: this website High resolution ultrasound (15MHz) was performed on the lower eyelids of 7 normal subjects. Movements of the lower eyelid and its compartments were visualized with ultrasound. In addition, the maximal excursion area of the lower eyelid fat compartments and retractor motions was measured before and after motion.\n\nRESULTS: The orbicularis muscle could be seen as an echolucent structure between the dermis and the echodence fat pads. Lower eyelid fat pad seems to be divided into 2 compartments as range of motion and direction of movement of each of them varies. It seems that these compartments have also different behavior. The measured profile area of the visible normal lower eyelid fat pads during movement of globe from up gaze to down gaze decreased by 50%. Order of movement of lower eyelid structures seems to be

as follows: after globe movement fist we see retractor movement, anterior orbital fat pad, then skin and septum, and finally movement of inferior fat pad.\n\nCONCLUSION: Ultrasound represents a selleck kinase inhibitor noninvasive tool for the visualization of lower eyelid morphology. Expanding its application could help us understand the compartmental changes in physiological eyelid movement, in aging and diseased study populations, as well as assess operative outcomes.”
“Objectives To compare over 2years the safety, efficacy and radiographic outcomes of subcutaneous abatacept versus adalimumab, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods AMPLE is a phase IIIb, 2-year, randomised, investigator-blinded study with a 1-year primary endpoint. Biologic-naive patients with active RA and an inadequate response to MTX were randomised to 125mg abatacept weekly or 40mg adalimumab bi-weekly, both with a stable dose of MTX.

Methods: In total, 50 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in SBE-β-CD mw length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into 4 experimental groups and 1 control group (n = 10): no instrumentation (control group), instrumentation with ProTaper rotary files but no filling (PT), instrumentation with ProTaper rotary files and filling with cold lateral compaction (PT filling), instrumentation with SAF but no filling (SAF), and instrumentation with SAF and filling with cold lateral compaction (SAF filling). AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was

used along with gutta-percha points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen’s canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (P =.05). Results: The mean fracture load was 244 +/- 51 N for the control group, 226 +/- 21 N for the PT, 242 +/- 45 N for PT filling, 233 +/- 14 N for the SAF, and 271 +/- 44 N for SAF filling. However, the differences

were not statistically significant (P bigger than .05). Conclusions: Instrumentation with the SAF or the ProTaper rotary system did not change the fracture strength of standardized roots with respect to cross-sectional diameter and weight.”
“An aseptic meningitis outbreak emerged in two regions in Bulgaria in 2012 and echovirus 30 (E30) was established as the aetiological agent by cell culture isolation, Selleck Proteasome inhibitor Go 6983 serological test, and molecular-based techniques. A total of 157 patients with aseptic meningitis were investigated,

of which 117 were confirmed as having E30-associated disease. Molecular analysis of 12 E30 isolates revealed 99-100% nucleotide and amino-acid identity between them and a close correlation with a Greek strain involved in an E30 outbreak in 2012. Children aged 5-14 years were mainly affected, which could reflect the absence of E30 epidemics in Bulgaria for a period of 11 years. The first case with E30 isolation (a 2-year-old patient from Plovdiv) was notified at the end of April 2012. This was most likely the index case, from which the spread of the virus started, causing sporadic cases first, which later led to an aseptic meningitis outbreak facilitated by person-to-person viral transmission.”
“Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) activity budget, terrestriality, and sun exposure were found to be influenced by the immediate environmental temperature. Thirty adult chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, were observed for 247 h. Temperatures in the shade and sun, sky cover, sun exposure, activity, and terrestriality were recorded at 5-min intervals at <15 m from the center of the party. Terrestriality frequency was 26.5% for females and 41.5% for males.

In this study, we aimed to describe the distribution of Th17, Tc17 and Treg R788 price cells in endometrial carcinoma patients, and elucidate the probable role of these effector T cells.\n\nMethods. We assessed the expression of interleukin (IL)-17 and Foxp3 in the peripheral blood of endometrial carcinoma patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry to determine the relative numbers of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells. Th17 cells and Tc17 cells were counted as percentages of the total number of CD3(+) T cells; Treg cells were counted as a percentage of the total number of CD4(+) T cells. We also evaluated

Th17 and Tc17 cells in tumor tissue by immunohistochemical staining. IL-17 and IL-10, dominant products of these three cell types, were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.\n\nResults. The frequencies of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells, as well as the serum level of IL-10, were significantly elevated in endometrial carcinoma patients GS-9973 mw compared to healthy controls. The Th17/Tc17 and Th17/Treg ratios were also observed to change significantly. However, there was no significant difference on the IL-17 levels in the serum. Additionally, immunohistochemistry performed on tumor tissues indicated that the amounts of Th17 and Tc17 increased in the cancer patients.\n\nConclusions. Our data suggests

a probable involvement of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma. Restoring the balance of these cells may help with the research and development of immunotherapies for endometrial carcinoma. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“The hypothesis is summarised schematically in Fig. 1.\n\nIt is proposed that mechanical deformation of the skin by needles and application of heat or electrical current leads to release

of large amounts of ATP from keratinocytes, fibroblasts and other cells in skin; the ATP then occupies specific receptor subtypes expressed on sensory nerve endings in the skin and tongue; the sensory nerves send impulses through ganglia to Screening Library the spinal cord, the brain stem, hypothalamus and higher centres; the brain stem and hypothalamus contain neurons that control autonomic functions, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinogenital and musculo-skeletal activity. Impulses generated in sensory fibres in the skin connect with interneurons to modulate (either inhibition or facilitation) the activities of the motoneurons in the brain stem and hypothalamus to change autonomic functions; specifically activated sensory nerves, via interneurons, also inhibit the neural pathways to the pain centres in the cortex. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A neurologically intact 37-year-old woman presented with an acute severe frontal headache after a month of intermittent headaches.

In this paper, we investigate how the lithium dose-concentration ratio changes across the lifespan. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of 63 current lithium users aged 20-95 years using data from McGLIDICS (the McGill Geriatric Lithium-Induced Diabetes

Insipidus Clinical Study). Participants underwent blood and urine tests, including serum lithium concentrations. Multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate potential correlates of the lithium dose-concentration ratio. Results We found that between the ages of 40-95 years, the total daily dose of lithium required to achieve a given serum concentration decreases threefold (500 vs. 1,500 mg for 1.0 mmol/L). Greater LXH254 mw age, once-daily dosing, and lower renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) were independently associated with a lower lithium dose-concentration ratio. Conclusions The lithium dose required to achieve a given serum lithium concentration decreases threefold from middle to old age, with this trend continuing into the ninth and tenth decades of life. In order to avoid lithium toxicity in aging patients, continued serum concentration monitoring and judicious dose reduction may be required, particularly

in those patients with reduced renal function.”
“Recombinant herpes zoster (HZ) vaccines may be an alternative to the live-attenuated HZ vaccine for immunocompromised individuals. This was a phase 1/2, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-or T-cell), Hodgkin lymphoma, or acute myeloid leukemia who

had undergone Galardin concentration autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplant 50 to 70 days earlier. Subjects (N = 121) were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive (at months 0, 1, 3) three doses of 50 mu g varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E (gE) adjuvanted with PLX3397 AS01(B), 3 doses of gE adjuvanted with AS01(E), 1 dose of saline followed by 2 doses of gE/AS01(B), or 3 doses of saline. One month after the last dose (6 months after transplant), frequencies of CD4(+) T cells expressing bigger than = 2 activation markers after induction with gE and anti-gE antibody concentrations were higher with all gE/AS01 regimens than with saline. Both responses persisted up to 1 year in subjects vaccinated with gE/AS01. Immune responses were higher in the gE/AS01(B) 3-dose group than in the gE/AS01(B) 2-dose group but not higher than in the gE/AS01(E) 3-dose group. One serious adverse event (pneumonia) was considered vaccine related. Both formulations and both schedules were immunogenic and well tolerated in this population. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00920218.”
“The aim of the study was to test the validity of a French language version of the Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version (NCCPC-PV): grille d’,valuation de la douleur-d,ficience intellectuelle (GED-DI).

In conclusion, the lipoprotein fractions in the AP group had impaired antioxidant activity and increased TG and apoC-III with structural and functional changes.”
“Iran is a low to medium endemic country for hepatitis B virus (HBV), JIB-04 supplier depending on the region, where genotype D is dominant. Samples from 170

asymptomatic HBsAg-positive blood donors were quantified and the median viral load was 6.7 x 10(2) IU/ml with 10.6% samples unquantifiable. Fifty complete genome sequences of these strains were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis identified 98% strains as subgenotype D1 and 2% as D2. Deduced serotypes were ayw2 (94%), ayw1 (4%), and adw (2%). The nucleotide diversity of the complete genome subgenotype D1 Iranian strains was limited (2.8%) and comparison with D1 strains from Egypt and Tunisia revealed little variation

between strains from these three countries (range 1.9-2.8%). The molecular analysis of the individual genes revealed that the G1896A mutation was present in 86.2% of the strains and in 26 strains (29.9%) this mutation was accompanied by the G1899A mutation. The double mutations A1762T/G1764A and G1764T/C1766G were found in 20.7% and 24.1% of the strains, respectively. The pre-C initiation codon was mutated in five strains (5.8%). One strain had a 2-amino acid (aa) insertion at position s111 and another sP120Q substitution suggesting a vaccine escape mutant. J. Med. Virol. 83:948952, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“An organism’s behavioral and physiological and social milieu influence and are influenced by the epigenome, which is composed predominantly of chromatin and the covalent modification of DNA by methylation. Epigenetic patterns are sculpted selleck screening library during development to shape the diversity of gene expression programs in the organism. In contrast to the genetic sequence, which is determined by inheritance and is virtually identical in all tissues, the epigenetic pattern varies from cell type to cell type and is potentially dynamic throughout life.

It is postulated here that different environmental exposures, IWR-1-endo manufacturer including early parental care, could impact epigenetic patterns, with important implications for mental health in humans. Because epigenetic programming defines the state of expression of genes, epigenetic differences could have the same consequences as genetic polymorphisms. Yet in contrast to genetic sequence differences, epigenetic alterations are potentially reversible. This review will discuss basic epigenetic mechanisms and how epigenetic processes early in life might play a role in defining inter-individual trajectories of human behavior. In this regard, we will examine evidence for the possibility that epigenetic mechanisms can contribute to later-onset neurological dysfunction and disease. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Enzymes and whole cells are being increasingly applied in research and industry, but the adoption of biocatalysis relies strongly on useful scientific literature.

P-Glucosidase activity and changes in succinyl genistin and succinyl daidzin were monitored. beta-Glucosidase activity in cheonggukjang with 5 and 10% (w/w) L. edodes powder were significantly higher than those in control samples (p <0.05). Quizartinib in vitro Total isoflavones in 48-h fermented cheonggukjang with 0, 5, and 10% (w/w) L. edodes powder were 4.88,

4.26, and 3.99 mu mole/g, respectively. Aglycones of isoflavones in cheonggukjang with 5 and 10% (w/w) L. edodes powder were 27.61 and 24.76% for 24 h and 28.2 and 38.74% for 48 h, whereas those in control samples were 5.50 and 21.11% for 24 and 48h, respectively. Succinyl daidzin and succinyl genistin in L. edodes powder-added cheonggukjang were significantly lower than those of control samples (p <0.05), implying that beta-glucosidase activity from L. edodes negatively affected the formation of succinyl derivatives.”
“Background: Although studies have demonstrated that stair prompts are associated with increased physical activity, many were conducted in low-rise buildings over a period of weeks and did not differentiate GSK461364 in vitro between stair climbing and descent.\n\nPurpose:

This study evaluated the impact of a prompt across different building types, and on stair climbing versus descent over several months.\n\nMethods: In 2008-2009, stair and elevator trips were observed and analyzed at three buildings in New York City before and after the posting of a prompt stating “Burn Calories, Not Electricity” (total observations = 18,462). Sites included a three-story health clinic (observations = 4987); an eight-story academic building (observations = 5151); and a ten-story affordable housing site (observations = 8324). Stair and elevator trips up and down were recorded separately

at the health clinic to isolate the impact on climbing and descent. Follow-up was conducted at the health clinic and affordable housing site to assess long-term impact.\n\nResults: Caspase inhibitor Increased stair use was seen at all sites immediately after posting of the prompt (range = 9.2%-34.7% relative increase, p < 0.001). Relative increases in stair climbing (20.2% increase, p < 0.001) and descent (4.4% increase, p < 0.05) were seen at the health clinic. At both sites with long-term follow-up, relative increases were maintained at 9 months after posting compared to baseline: 42.7% (p < 0.001) increase in stair use at the affordable housing site and 20.3% (p < 0.001) increase in stair climbing at the health clinic.\n\nConclusions: Findings suggest that the prompt was effective in increasing physical activity in diverse settings, and increases were maintained at 9 months.

This selectivity was more robust when larger numbers of surrounding items and multiple features were included in the display, and it was absent when only a few items were presented immediately outside the CRF. In addition, the popout modulation

of V4 activity was eliminated when top-down attention was directed to locations outside of the CRFs during saccade preparation, indicating that the salience of popout stimuli is not sufficient GW786034 manufacturer to drive selection by V4 neurons. These results demonstrate that neurons in feature-selective cortex are influenced by bottom-up attention, but that this influence is limited by top-down attention.”
“Whether uni- or bilateral drainage should be performed for malignant hilar biliary obstruction remains a matter of debate. Moreover, endoscopic placement of bilateral metallic stents has been considered difficult and complicated. Although the Y-stent with a central wide-open mesh facilitates bilateral stent placement, it has limitations. This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of the Niti-S large this website cell D-type biliary stent (LCD) with a uniform large cell for both uni- and bilateral drainage of malignant hilar biliary obstruction.\n\nFrom April

2008 to March 2009, a total of 12 consecutive patients with unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction of Bismuth type 2 or greater underwent placement of LCD. Before LCD placement,

all the patients underwent endoscopic unilateral biliary drainage using a plastic stent or a nasobiliary drainage tube. If jaundice improved after the procedure, the plastic stent or nasobiliary drainage tube was replaced with the unilateral LCD. If jaundice did not resolve or contralateral cholangitis occurred, bilateral LCD placement was performed.\n\nSeven patients had unilateral and five patients had bilateral LCD placement. Technical click here success was achieved for all 12 patients. An early complication occurred for one patient (8%), and stent occlusion occurred for six patients (50%) because of tumor ingrowth (n = 4) or sludge (n = 2). These patients were managed by insertion of plastic stents (n = 4) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (n = 2). The median stent patency period was 202 days.\n\nThe newly designed endoscopic metallic stent may be feasible and effective for malignant hilar biliary obstruction, and endoscopic reintervention is relatively simple.”
“Objective: A major challenge in the management of patients with complex regional pain syndrome 1 is identifying those individuals who are at risk of developing severe problems. Data from large follow-up studies providing empirical evidence are largely lacking. The goal of this study was to obtain an expert-agreed priority list of parameters that are correlated with a poor prognosis.