Three types of meta-memory judgment were measured in 5 subjects with focal damage to medial prefrontal cortex, with maximal overlap in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex,

compared to 19 healthy, demographically matched control subjects performing a face-name episodic memory task. Judgment-of-learning accuracy was not affected by Such damage. In contrast, both recall confidence and feeling-of-knowing judgments were impaired. Memory performance was itself impaired in the patient group, so we performed a second experiment to examine the relationship between memory and meta-memory deficits. In an easier memory task, where patients performed as well as controls, recall confidence accuracy improved to within the control range despite medial prefrontal damage. In contrast, feeling-of-knowing-judgments remained less accurate in the patient group. These results argue that medial prefrontal cortex plays Etomoxir cell line a critical role in generating accurate recall Pitavastatin ic50 confidence and feeling-of-knowing

judgments, but is not necessary for judgment-of-learning. The role of this region in feeling-of-knowing seems to be, at least in part, independent of its role in memory itself. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives. This study examined the effects of arthritis-related stress and chronic life stress on depressive symptoms among African Americans and Whites with arthritis.

Methods. Participants included 175 African American and White women (aged 45-90) who completed LY294002 order structured questionnaires assessing arthritis-related stress (i.e., pain, functional impairment, perceived stress), chronic life stress (i.e., discrimination, financial stress, life stressors), and well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms).

Results. African Americans reported more functional impairment and lower perceived arthritis stress, but more life stressors, financial stress, and discrimination, than Whites. Arthritis-related stress accounted for similar proportions of variance in depressive symptoms across African Americans (Delta R-2 =.16, p <.001) and Whites (Delta R-2 =.24, p <.001). However, chronic life stressors explained significantly more variance

among African Americans (Delta R-2 =.20, p <.001, vs Delta R-2 =.06, p <.05).

Discussion. Findings demonstrate the importance of considering contextual factors influencing women’s health and well-being, particularly for those women with a chronic illness, including arthritis. Although arthritis-related stressors may be the predominant factors affecting well-being for Whites with arthritis, well-being in African Americans with arthritis is also closely tied to broader life stressors. Results suggest the importance of looking beyond illness-specific stressors when studying aging and health.”
“A haptic curvature aftereffect is a phenomenon in which the perception of a curved shape is systematically altered by previous contact to Curvature.