The synthesis of molybdopterin appears to be up-regulated (mog, moeB) as well as the synthesis of folate with entries such as aminodeoxychorismate lyase (MAP1079), folE and folP. The synthesis of menaquinone is up-regulated (entC, menE, menC) as well as the heme synthesis (hemE, hemL). Unlike from the up-regulation pattern, genes involved in the synthesis of FMN or FAD are repressed (ribF), in addition to the down-regulation of lipA, involved in the synthesis of lipoate and

ribokinase (MAP0876c) in the synthesis of thiamine. Eventually, there is also a down-regulation of the synthesis of ubiquinone (ubiX) together with a suppression of the biotin synthesis (bioB) and coenzyme A synthesis (coaA) along with 5′-phosphate oxidase (MAP3177, MAP3028, MAP2630c, MAP0828) related to the synthesis of vitamin Cyclosporin A mw B6. Stressor conditions induce in MAP an increase in anaerobic

respiration and nitrate reduction The energy AZD1480 mw metabolism of MAP during the acid-nitrosative stress includes the up-regulation of eno, which is involved in glycolysis, and some entries of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (dlaT, pdhB, lpdA). However, in this stress experiment, it seems that acetate originates also from the degradation of citrate with citE which is up-regulated. Furthermore some entries of Krebs cycle are also up-regulated (gltA2 icd2, sdhC) together with some components of the electron transport chain such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (MAP0263c), but with a different final electron acceptor than molecular oxygen with the up-regulation of nirD that reduces nitrite to ammonia and periplasmic nitrate reductase (MAP4100c) for nitrate as a final acceptor [29]. Alternative to Krebs cycle, but in parallel, MAP up-regulates components of the glyoxylate pathway with two entries such as aceAb and isocitrate lyase (MAP0296c). Conversely, in the down-regulation pattern MAP represses oxidative phosphorylation by attenuating the Omipalisib research buy expression of entries

such as atpC, nuoG, qcrB and fumarate reductase / succinate dehydrogenase (MAP0691c) that together describe a repression enough of aerobic respiration with molecular oxygen as final electron acceptor during this stress. The metabolism of transport in acid-nitrosative stress is represented by an up-regulation of genes involved in the uptake of cobalt such as cobalt / nickel transport system permease protein (MAP3732c) and sulfonate / nitrate / taurine transport system permease protein (MAP0146 MAP1809c MAP1109) required for the transport of nitrate together with the transport of chloride with the up-regulation of chloride channel protein (MAP3690). During the stress there is an increase in iron storage with the up-regulation of siderophore interacting FAD binding protein (MAP1864c) although with two factors for iron uptake such fecB and MAP3727.