The SMT was selectively adsorbed onto high-silica Y-type zeolite in the composites. Resultantly, the inhibitory effect of the coexisting materials was reduced, and the composites could remove SMT more effectively compared with TiO2 alone in the secondary effluent.”
“Mitochondria govern many metabolic processes. In addition, mitochondria sense the status of metabolism

and change their functions to regulate energy production, cell death, and thermogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial structural remodeling through division and fusion is critical to the organelle’s learn more function. It has also become clear that abnormalities in mitochondrial division and fusion are linked to the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and their role in cellular and organismal metabolism.”
“The pulmonary route of delivery offers a potential alternative to parenteral administration

of peptides and proteins. Protection of protein structure is essential in both processing and storage of the final formulation. Sugars, such as trehalose and raffinose, have been employed to act as protein stabilisers. Optimisation of the aerodynamic characteristics of microparticles in dry powder inhaler formulations is critical to ensure optimum deposition of the formulation into the respiratory tract.\n\nIn the present study we examine the adaptation to hydrophilic materials, hypoxia-inducible factor cancer specifically the disaccharide, trehalose and the trisaccharide, raffinose, of a previously reported spray drying process for producing nanoporous microparticles (NPMPs). We also investigate the feasibility of incorporating a model protein, lysozyme, into these selleckchem sugar-based NPMPs.\n\nWhile spray drying raffinose

or trehalose from aqueous solution or ethanol:water solutions resulted in non-porous microspheres, spray drying from a methanol:n-butyl acetate mixed solvent system resulted in microparticles which appeared to consist of an agglomeration of individual nanoparticles, i.e. nanoporous/nanoparticulate microparticles.\n\nNPMPs of trehalose and raffinose were amorphous, with glass transition temperatures (Tgs) that were sufficiently high (124 degrees C and similar to 120 degrees C for trehalose and raffinose, respectively) to suggest good physical stability at room temperature and good potential to act as protein carriers and/or stabilisers.\n\nNPMPs demonstrated improved aerosolisation properties compared to spray dried non-porous particles. The successful incorporation of lysozyme into these NPMPs at a sugar to protein weight ratio of 1:4 demonstrated the potential of these systems to act as carriers for peptide or protein drugs which could be delivered via the pulmonary route. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.