The most common reason provided for preferring the base formulation over the phosphate formulation was that the original clinical trial data supported its use. There were a variety this website of methods identified that a prescriber might use to indicate the formulation of etoposide required and a variety of methods used for the labeling of etoposide formulations.

Conclusion:

Prescribing, ordering and dispensing practices for etoposide base and etoposide phosphate are inconsistent across Australia, which could lead to dosing errors. We recommend that a national standard is adopted with etoposide phosphate preparations prescribed

and labeled as “”Etoposide (as the PHOSPHATE) x mg. Where x is the number of milligrams of etoposide base required.”" This would move towards minimizing the risk of dosage errors occurring with these formulations.”
“Purpose: To assess the clinical validity of renal resistive index ( RI) to determine prognosis and guide therapy over a long-term follow-up

Citarinostat in patients with chronic nephropathies and to verify the commonly used threshold value of 0.70.

Materials and Methods: Of patients referred to the nephrology center since 1995, 177 were initially enrolled and 86 were followed up for RI and renal function annually for 2-11 years (mean, 5.93 years +/- 2.92 [standard deviation]). All patients gave informed consent for the institutional review board-approved study. Correlations were Selleck PD-1 抑制剂 determined between initial RI and age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, hematuria, blood pressure, and biopsy scores. The sample was categorized in four groups on the basis of whether initial values of RI and eGFR were normal, and progression to renal failure was compared. With grouping of the sample by using initial RI (<= 0.61, 0.62-0.69, and >= 0.70), Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain survival curves.

Results: Initial RI correlated

with final eGFR (R = -0.4, P < .001), systolic blood pressure (R = 0.39, P < .001), proteinuria (R = 0.28, P = .009), and age (R = 0.28, P = .007). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, RI emerged as the only independent risk factor for the progression to renal failure (P < .001). Among the four groups of patients with different initial RIs and eGFRs, the group with an initial RI of 0.70 or higher showed a worse outcome, independent of initial eGFR. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis by using initial RI, only the group with a value of 0.70 or higher showed a rapid decline of renal function (>50% decrease in eGFR in 6 years).

Conclusion: An RI of 0.70 or higher is predictive of an unfavorable outcome in patients with chronic nephropathies.”
“BackgroundGrowing recognition that active surveillance (AS) is a reasonable management option for many men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer led us to describe patients’ conceptualizations of AS and reasons for their treatment decisions.