The accuracy of the above tests in predicting endometrial hyperplasia click here and endometrial carcinoma is a subject of continuing debate. IeIreover, in the last decades, there has been an explosion of publications indicating that ultrasound may be useful in predicting endometrial pathology.

Since advanced endometrial carcinoma has been known

to occur in cases without noticeable endometrial thickness on ultrasound, the clinician should beware of the diagnostic evaluation of postmenopausal women with vaginal bleeding.”
“(Co/Au)(N) ultrathin multilayers with perpendicular and in-plane magnetic anisotropy were studied experimentally using a combination of ferromagnetic resonance, magneto-optical magnetometry and microscopy (with both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization-sensitive longitudinal and polar Kerr effects), and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Three-dimensional magnetization distributions were reconstructed from micromagnetic simulations complemented by the measured magnetic parameters of the multilayers and observations by Kerr microscopy and MFM. It is shown that, in the reorientation phase transition (RPT) zone – the range of anisotropy characterized by 0 < Q < 1 (the ratio of the anisotropy energy to be gained by magnetization along the easy axis perpendicular to the sample surface, and the magnetostatic energy of a uniformly magnetized layer

along the surface normal) – the three-dimensional magnetization distributions consist of alternating pairs of vortices and half-antivortices, both with in-plane magnetized cores SBE-β-CD and elliptical cross-sections. It is shown that an increase in N leads to a significant TPCA-1 concentration increase in the saturation

field as well as changes in the hysteresis loop shape, domain structure size, and geometry. We demonstrate by simulations and prove by experimentation that, in multilayers with Q < 1, an increase in N induces the nucleation of out-of-plane magnetized domains, which then triggers magnetostatic interlayer coupling and RPT onset to out-of-plane magnetization states. We report on the observations of large micrometer-sized metastable domains (connected with the vortex cores) with the in-plane magnetization modulated by submicrometer-sized out-of-plane domains with sizes defined mainly by magnetostatics. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3626747]“
“Objective

To determine the clinical significance of reporting benign-appearing endometrial cells on Pap tests from women >= 40 years.

Study Design

Pap tests from 149 women demonstrating cytologically benign endometrial cells with histologic follow-up within 12 months were included. Age, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) status, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), number of children and information from subsequent endometrial sampling were recorded when available.

Results

Of the total number of cases, 60.84% had no endometrial pathology (group 3), 3 5.