Results: After incubating with TNF alpha, the results showed that TNF alpha induced robust autophagy in AR42J cells compared with control cells. Co-cultured with TNF alpha resulted in a significant increase in activation of trypsin and decrease in cellular viability. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine suppressed the activation of trypsin. After TNF alpha treatment, TNF alpha induced ER stress, BiP and IRE1 were upregulated and released Ca2+ to the cytoplasm, resulting in increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and autophagosome formation. Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggest that TNF alpha could induce trypsin activation and decrease cellular viability in pancreatic acinar cells. These effects

depend on autophagy. The mechanism of autophagy Selleck Midostaurin enhancement may depend on intracellular calcium changes. These findings suggest that targeting TNF alpha and calcium may be an effective treatment strategy in pancreatitis.

Key Word(s): Tamoxifen solubility dmso 1. TNF alpha; 2. Autophagy; 3. Calcium; 4. Trypsinogen; Presenting Author: WENHUA HE Additional Authors: NONGHUA LU, YOUXIANG CHEN, PI LIU, YONG ZHU, HAO ZENG, LIANG XIA Corresponding Author: NONGHUA LU Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Objective: The revised atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis(AP) identified three degrees of severity: mild acute pancreatitis(MAP), moderately severe acute pancreatitis(MSAP), and severe acute pancreatitis(SAP), but their incidence and outcome remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the presentation, course and outcome of MAP, MSAP and SAP, using a large acute

pancreatitis database. Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of 932 patients with acute pancreatitis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University in 2011-2012. All cases of acute pancreatitis were re-evaluated Oxymatrine and classified according to the original atlanta classification (1992) and the revised atlanta classification(2012). The risk of death was defined as the patients died during hospitalization or discharged in critical condition. Results: Enrolled 932 patients with acute pancreatitis, local complications occurred in 359 patients (38.5%), transient organ failure occurred in 236 patients (25.3%), persistent organ failure occurred in 220 patients(23.6%). 47/932 patients discharged in critical condition, 7/932 patients (0.8%) died in hospital. According to the 1992 Atlanta classification criteria, all of the patients can be divided into 366 patients with MAP (39.27%), 566 patients with SAP (60.73%). According to the revised atlanta classification, 279 patients were diagnosed with MAP (29.94% ), which is less than the original atlanta standards; 433 patients were diagnosed with MSAP, which is the largest proportion(46.46%); 220 cases (23.61%) were diagnosed as SAP.