The impact of petroleum refinery outflows on the bacterial community, both in terms of abundance and variety, within the aquatic ecosystem of Skikda Bay, Algeria, is explored in this paper. The isolated bacterial species presented a large variability in their location and time of occurrence. The variations in data collected across different stations and seasons could be linked to the environmental conditions and the rate of pollution at the sampling sites. Results from statistical analysis indicated a very strong effect (p<0.0001) on microbial load by factors such as pH, electrical conductivity, and salinity. In addition, hydrocarbon pollution significantly impacted the diversity of bacterial species (p<0.005). check details During the four seasons, six sampling sites served as locations for isolating 75 bacteria, resulting in a total bacterial count. The water samples exhibited remarkable spatiotemporal variety and abundance. Eighteen bacterial genera, encompassing a total of 42 strains, were discovered. Predominantly, these genera are categorized within the Proteobacteria class.

Mesophotic coral ecosystems might act as sanctuaries for reef-building corals, enabling their survival during the present period of climate change. During the dispersal of their larvae, coral species exhibit shifts in their distribution. However, the ability of corals to adjust to different water depths during their early life stages is presently unknown. The acclimation response of four Acropora species, residing in shallow waters, at various depths, was analyzed in this study by transplanting larvae and early polyps settled on tiles to 5, 10, 20, and 40 meters. check details Our subsequent analysis delved into physiological parameters, namely size, survival rate, growth rate, and morphological properties. Significantly higher survival and size were observed in juvenile A. tenuis and A. valida at a depth of 40 meters in comparison to those found at other aquatic depths. In contrast to the observed patterns, A. digitifera and A. hyacinthus exhibited enhanced survival rates at shallow water depths. In the morphology of the specimens, the size of the corallites also displayed differences according to the depth measurements. In aggregate, the shallow-water coral larvae and juveniles exhibited significant adaptability concerning depth.

The global focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a direct result of their cancer-causing potential and their harmful toxicity. This paper undertakes a review and an expansion of current understanding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Turkey's aquatic environments, given the concerns over contamination resulting from the expansion of the marine industry. By means of a systematic review across 39 research articles, we analyzed the ecological and cancer risks presented by PAHs. The average measured total PAH concentrations in surface waters, sediments, and organisms, were determined to be within the following ranges: 61 to 249,900 ng/L; 1 to 209,400 ng/g; and 4 to 55,000 ng/g, respectively. The threat of cancer, based on concentrations in biological specimens, exceeded the risk from surface water and sediment environments. Despite their relative scarcity, petrogenic PAHs were estimated to have a larger detrimental effect on the ecosystem than their pyrogenic counterparts. Regarding the environmental condition of the seas, the Marmara, Aegean, and Black Seas show high levels of pollution and require immediate remediation. Further studies are essential to establish the condition of other water bodies.

The Southern Yellow Sea's 2007 green tide, a 16-year event, significantly damaged coastal cities, leading to considerable financial and ecological losses. check details In order to resolve this predicament, a succession of research projects were carried out. In spite of this, the role of micropropagules in triggering green tide outbreaks remains poorly understood, and additional research is required to investigate the link between micropropagules and settled or floating green algae in nearshore or open-ocean settings. Employing Citespace, this study analyzes the identification of micropropagules in the Southern Yellow Sea, while also quantifying research hotspots, leading-edge directions, and developmental tendencies. The study, in addition, analyzes the micropropagules' life cycle and its direct effect on the green algal biomass, and it further specifies the micropropagules' temporal and spatial distribution patterns across the Southern Yellow Sea. Along with discussing unresolved scientific problems and limitations, the study also offers a forward-looking perspective on future research directions for algal micropropagules. We project a deeper analysis into the impact of micropropagules on green tide outbreaks, presenting accompanying data to aid in a complete green tide management procedure.

Plastic pollution, a pervasive global concern, is severely impacting coastal and marine ecosystems today. The introduction of plastics into aquatic environments by human actions causes a modification of the ecosystem's functioning. Various factors influence the rate of biodegradation, from the types of microbes involved to the polymer used, its physical and chemical properties, and the environment. Employing three diverse media—distilled water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and seawater—this study aimed to assess the degradation potential of nematocyst protein, isolated from lyophilized nematocyst samples, on polyethylene. A comprehensive analysis of the biodeterioration potential of nematocyst protein and its effect on polyethylene was carried out using ATR-IR, phase contrast bright-dark field microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings demonstrate jellyfish nematocyst protein's ability to biodeteriorate polyethylene, independently of any external physicochemical processes, which motivates further research efforts.

Ten intertidal sites within two major Sundarbans estuaries were scrutinized over two years (2019-2020) to analyze benthic foraminifera assemblages, the nutrient dynamics of surface and porewater, thereby understanding the role of seasonal precipitation and primary production (driven by eddy nutrients) in influencing the standing crop. Benthic foraminifera counts displayed a range spanning from 280 per 10 cubic centimeters in the pre-monsoon season of 2019 to 415 per 10 cubic centimeters in the post-monsoon season of the same year, and finally reaching 630 per 10 cubic centimeters in the post-monsoon season of 2020. Coinciding with eddy nutrient-driven stoichiometry and a surge in the abundance of large diatom cells, the post-monsoon period exhibited the highest standing crop. Ammonia sp.1, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Entzia macrescens, and Textularia sp., are calcareous and agglutinated foraminifer taxa. Respectively, the occurrences presented a frequent nature. In the densely vegetated areas of mangrove forests, Entzia macrescens was discovered, demonstrating a marked relationship with sediment texture and the total organic carbon content of the pore water. Amongst the primary discoveries, mangroves possessing pneumatophores demonstrate improved oxygenation of sediments, which correspondingly increases the standing crop.

Significant Sargassum stranding events are observed erratically across numerous countries, extending from the Gulf of Guinea to the Gulf of Mexico. To predict the movement and accumulation of Sargassum seaweed, advancements in detection methods and drift modeling are crucial. We assess the influence of ocean currents and wind, specifically wind's effect, on the Sargassum's movement. Drift computations for Sargassum are derived from the automatic tracking capabilities of the MODIS 1 km Sargassum detection dataset, which are then contrasted against reference surface currents and wind data from coincident drifters and altimetric measurements. A 3% total wind effect (2% attributable to windage) is ascertained, additionally demonstrating a 10-degree deflection between Sargassum drift and wind directions. Our subsequent research suggests a possible 80% decrease in the impact of currents on drift, attributed to the substantial resistance exerted by Sargassum against the flow. These outcomes are anticipated to markedly advance our comprehension of Sargassum's driving forces and the forecasting of its beaching occurrences.

The construction of breakwaters, which is ubiquitous along many coasts, often results in the trapping of anthropogenic litter, resulting from the intricate design of these built structures. We studied the longevity of man-made litter in breakwater structures, and the rate of its buildup. Samples were acquired for anthropogenic litter from breakwaters constructed more than 10 years prior, a newly refurbished breakwater (five months old), and rocky shorelines within a coastal metropolitan area of central Chile (33 degrees South). Breakwaters exhibited significantly higher litter concentrations compared to rocky environments, a pattern consistently observed over a period of approximately five years. Recent improvements to the breakwater yielded a comparable abundance and type of debris as found on the existing older breakwaters. In consequence, litter accrual on breakwaters takes place with notable swiftness due to their design and human actions involving the disposal of man-made trash in this infrastructure. Redesigning the breakwater architecture is required to curb litter accumulation on the coast and lessen its repercussions.

The economic success of coastal zones, spurred by human development, is bringing about heightened threats to marine ecosystems and the life within. To quantify the intensity of anthropogenic pressures along the coast of Hainan Island, China, we used the endangered living horseshoe crab (HSC) as a model. Our novel approach, encompassing field surveys, remote sensing, spatial geographic modeling, and machine learning, provided the first assessment of these pressures' impact on the distribution of juvenile HSCs. Species and anthropogenic pressures necessitate prioritizing Danzhou Bay protection. Aquaculture's influence, combined with port operations, dramatically affects the abundance of HSCs, prompting urgent management strategies.