Disease type Total pERK1/2 + (%) P value PI3-K + (%) P value Gallbladder adenocarcinoa 108 65/108 (58.3%) <0.01 55/108 (50.9%) <0.01 Surrounding tissues 46 14/46 (30.4%)   5/46 (10.1%)   Adenomatous polyps 15 3/15 (20%)   3/15 (20%)   Chronic cholecystitis 35 4/35 (11.4%)   3/35 (8.6%)   Correlation of p-ERK1/2 and PI3-K expression with this website clinical and pathological features of gallbladder adenocarcinoma CUDC-907 chemical structure We further analyzed the correlation of p-ERK1/2 and PI3-K

expression with the clinical and pathological features of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. As shown in Table 2, the frequency of samples staining positive for p-ERK1/2 and PI3-K in cases with small tumor size (<2 cm in diameter),

without lymph node metastasis, and no invasion of surrounding tissues was significantly lower than in cases with larger tumor size (>2 cm), lymph node metastasis, and invasion in surrounding tissues (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Interestingly, the positive staining for p-ERK1/2 in cases concomitant with gallstones/cholelithiasis was significantly higher than in cases without gallstones (P < 0.05). Moreover, positive staining selleck compound for p-ERK1/2 and PI3-K in adenoma or well-differentiated adenocarcinomas was significantly lower compared to poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas as shown in Table 3 (both, P < 0.01). Table 2 Expression of p-ERK1/2 and PI3-K as determined by immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathological variables in 108 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Group Total pERK1/2 + (%) P value PI3-K + (%) P value Sex              Female 77 47 (61.0) >0.05 41(53.2) >0.05    Male 31 16(51.6)   14(45.2)   Age              ≤45 24 12(50) >0.05 12(50) >0.05    >45 84 51(60.7)   43(51.2)   Tumor diameter              <2.0 cm 31 13(41.9) <0.05 11(35.5) <0.05    ≥2.0 cm 77 50(64.9)   44(57.1)   Lympho node Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) metastasis              No 49 20(40.8) <0.01 16(32.7) <0.01    Yes 59 43(72.9)   39(66.1)

  Surrounding tissue invasion              No 49 21(42.9) <0.01 17(34.7) <0.01    Yes 59 42(71.2)   38(64.4)   Gallstones              No 50 24(48.0) <0.05 22(44) >0.05    Yes 58 36(67.2)   33(56.9)   Table 3 p-ERK1/2 and PI3-K expression in gallbladder adenocarcinoma as determined by immunohistochemistry.   Total pERK1/2 + (%) P value PI3-K + (%) P value Pathology type*              Adenoma canceration 9 3(33.3)   2(22.2)      Well-differentiated 29 12(41.4) <0.01 10(34.5) <0.01    Moderately-differentiated 29 18(62.1)   16(55.2)      Poorly-differentiated 30 25(83.3)   23(76.7)      Mucous adenoma 11 5(45.5)   4(36.4)   *Comparison of adenoma lesions and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, P pERK = 0.08, P PI3-K = 0.05, comparison of the well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated, χ2 pERK = 11.10, P < 0.01; χ2 PI3-K = 10.65, P < 0.01.