“
“Background: Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) has recently been implicated as a common cause of croup in children. Selleckchem BEZ235 This study was performed to evaluate viruses associated with croup in children, with an emphasis on HCoV-NL63.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were prospectively collected from 182 children hospitalized with croup at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from January 2005 to June 2009. Multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was conducted for detection of 11 respiratory viruses, and medical records were reviewed.

Results: Viruses were identified in 147 (80.8%) of the 182 croup patients. The 3 most commonly detected viruses were parainfluenza virus type 1 (PIV1)

in 44 (24.2%) patients, HCoV-NL63 in 30 (16.5%) patients, and influenza A virus in 25 (13.7%) patients. Other detected viruses were rhinovirus PF-03084014 solubility dmso in 22 (12.1%) patients, PIV type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus in 15 (8.2%) patients, human bocavirus in 8 (4.4%) patients, and several others in a few patients. Coinfections with >2 viruses were found in 20 (11%) patients. HCoV-NL63 was identified primarily in winter, which coincides with the peak occurrence of croup. Patients with HCoV-NL63 infection were younger than those who were positive for PIV1 (median age 13 months versus 21 months, P = 0.006) and had shorter fever duration than influenza A virus infection (median

1.5 days versus 4 days, P = 0.000).

Conclusions: PIV1 and HCoV-NL63 were most commonly associated with patients who were hospitalized with croup. HCoV-NL63 is prevalent in winter and is associated with younger age and with shorter fever duration.”
“Introduction and hypothesis This study was conducted to assess national rates in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery in the USA from 1998 to 2007. Methods We utilized the 1998-2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample and assessed women aged 20 years and older who underwent selleck SUI surgery based on the International

Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) procedure and diagnosis codes.

Results The total number of SUI surgeries performed during this 10-year period was 759,821. The annual number of procedures increased from 37,953 in 1998 to 94,910 in 2007. The type of SUI surgery performed also changed (p<0.001). In 1998, retropubic suspensions represented 52.3%, decreasing to 13.8% in 2007. “”Other repair of SUI”" (ICD-9 59.79) comprised 22.4% in 1998, increasing to 75.2% in 2007, likely representing midurethral slings.

Conclusions The total number and incidence rates of SUI surgeries have increased from 1998 to 2007. The type of SUI surgery performed has also changed significantly, likely secondary to adoption of midurethral slings.”
“Introduction: Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) derived from umbilical cord blood are an attractive alternative to human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for cellular therapy.